Essay on Should Alcoholism Be Considered a Disease

Should Alcoholism Be Considered a Disease? Many articles have been written which ask the question: Is alcoholism a disease or not? We will look at both sides of this issue, see what the experts have to say and come to realize that alcoholism should be considered a disease. In 1849, Swedish physician, Dr. Magnus Huss coined the term â€Å"alcoholism† to describe a diseased condition caused by excessive consumption of alcohol. Also in 1849, a French doctoral candidate, M.Gabriel, first used the term in its modern sense, as a disease which causes one to lose control over his/her intake of alcohol, leading to excessive use of alcohol, what we now call addiction ( Keller Doria,1991). Kishline (1994, p.105) challenges the disease theory of†¦show more content†¦This work was discussed and summarized in a book titled. The Disease Concept of Alcoholism, by E.M.Jellinek, published in 1960. Sufferers of this disease often drink until intoxicated, on a daily basis, causing all s orts on health problems. Cirrhosis of the liver, brain damage, and organ failure are just a few of the effects of this disease of the body and mind called alcoholism. Fingarette’s (1988) position is that no leading research authorities accept the disease concept of alcoholism (p.4). The experts say the disease concept is â€Å"old and biased†, a model whose suggestions are invalid. But, the basic text of Alcoholics Anonymous (2001) states that not only does alcoholism affect the mind, but the body as well (xxvi). In a letter written to Alcoholics Anonymous, Dr.William D.Silkworth, a well known chief physician at a nationally prominent hospital that specialized in treating alcoholism and drug addiction, state that â€Å"the action of alcohol on chronic alcoholics is a manifestation of an allergy called â€Å"the phenomenon of craving† (Alcoholics Anonymous,2001,p.xxviii). Some may believe that alcoholism is just a matter of self control or self will, but we ha ve shown that it takes much more than the unaided will to arrest this sometimes fatal disease Many have suffered the effects of alcoholism and can attest to the fact that it is a disease. Some can remember drinking until passed out, the trouble they caused themselves and others whileShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : The Misuse And Addiction1361 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism: The Misuse and Addiction â€Å"I know my limit†, â€Å"Just one more drink†, and â€Å"I’m not drunk† are common phrases people often associate with being an alcoholic. While is true that some alcoholics can use such phrases, that is not what makes them an alcoholic. Alcoholics or rather anyone who happens to drink a little too much, are marked as being alcoholics. But what does it really mean to be an alcoholic? Or better yet, what does it mean to suffer from Alcoholism? Over the years, a controversialRead MoreIs Alcoholism a Disease?691 Words   |  3 PagesAlcoholism as a disease? Alcoholism today is not considered as a moral failure, majority of the people view it as a disease. Alcoholism is a chronic primary and progressive disease and it can also be fatal in some instances. It is termed as a chemical disease as it breaks down in the stomach as well as bringing a different effect on the brain of the alcoholic as compared to a non-alcoholic. Alcoholism can be classified as a biological disease since the chemical predisposition of alcohol consumptionRead MoreCritique of Cohen and Benjamins Argument on Alcoholism919 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 2 – Critique of Cohen and Benjamin’s Argument Cohen and Benjamin assert that alcoholics should not be categorically excluded from access to liver transplantation. They argue that alcoholism is a disease and not a choice, and end stage liver damage requiring transplantation is a consequence of this disease. Furthermore, they argue that even if alcoholism is a choice, medicine should not incorporate moral judgments in the considerations of treatment decisions for the patient. They support thisRead MoreStigm Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity1643 Words   |  7 PagesGoffman defined stigma as an â€Å"attribute that is deeply discrediting† and that reduces the bearer â€Å"from normal being to a person that is tainted† (Goffman 1963, p. 3). It is considered a form of stereotype or labeling of a person or group based on their illness and handicap. The topic that I will be discussing in this paper is Alcoholism, how people who are alcohol dependence are stigmatized and ways to help reduce the stigma and discri mination associated with it. Stigma is a negative attribute imposedRead MoreThe Long Lasting Effect of Alcohol on The Brain1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthird leading preventable cause of death in our country† (Alcohol Facts 1). Alcoholism is a major controversy in the United States, and many debate whether alcoholism is a disease or choice. Accordingly, based on scientific evidence, alcoholism is a disease because it has major long-term effects on the brain, it is an addiction, and it is treated medically. The first major reason alcoholism should be considered disease is the long-lasting effects it has on the brain. The National Institutes ofRead MoreAlcohol Dependence Syndrome Threatens And Affects The Individual, Family Life And Society769 Words   |  4 Pagesis considered a chronic disease. Alcoholism is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015), despite all the focus on illegal drugs of abuse such as cocaine, alcohol remains the number one drug problem in the United States. Nearly 17 million adults in the U.S. are dependent on alcohol or have other alcohol-related problems, and about 88,000 people die from preventable alcohol-related causes. For many, alcoholism canRead MoreAlcoholism : Is It A Disease?1564 Words   |  7 Pageswords, is it a disease? In order to come to a conclusion on the topic, we must first define the nature of disease itself. According to Webster’s dictionary, it is â€Å"a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally†. Based on this definition, alcoholism is a disease. This is to say, however, the general populace can agree upon the definition decided by Merriam-Webster. Every person is entitled to their own opinion of what qualifies as a disease. The thought of alcoholism creates a moralRead More Alcohol Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesis alcoholism? 2. How do people become alcoholics? 3. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? 4. How do you diagnose alcoholism? 5. Is there a cure for alcoholics? 6. What is the treatment? What is Alcoholism? Alcoholism can be defined as the dependency on alcohol; addiction to alcohol. It is a chronic disease, this disease called alcoholism is progressive and potentially fatal. â€Å" In 1966 the American Medical Association (AMA) declared Alcoholism a disease, butRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On Family, Children, And The Individuals Suffering From Alcoholism988 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, alcoholism. I am sure that even if your life is not directly affected by the diseas e, you are at least a little familiar with the basics. In this paper I plan to give you a brief understanding of the three basic issues you should be informed upon so you can make better decisions involving alcohol in the future. First, I will discuss who is at the most risk of falling victim to alcoholism, second, I will discuss the symptoms of alcoholism, and finally I will discuss the impact alcoholism has onRead More Alcohol vs. Marijuana Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesmarijuana illegal, this does not necessarily mean that alcohol is better for you. There have been many arguments where people suggest that marijuana should be legal because alcohol is more deadly. On the other hand, there are alcoholics who would tell a pothead that smoking weed is bad for you. Both substances are very bad for your health and should not be heavily used by anyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana has an immediate effect during and for about 2 hours after smoking. With alcohol, users feel slight

The Argument About Persuasive Essay Writing

The Argument About Persuasive Essay Writing The Pain of Persuasive Essay Writing You can discover a lot of persuasive essays in the domain of politics. Make sure there is clarity of all of the words used. Most people believe you have to have three arguments. Even though you need to try to stick with logical arguments, attempt to pinpoint any emotional reactions that individuals may have to the issue you're writing about. The Dirty Truth on Persuasive Essay Writing You ought to make your thesis statement. Additionally, a thesis doesn't need to be one sentence. Besides, 1 paragraph should revolve around counter-argument. Paragraph six is the last paragraph and it should become your conclusion. For example, the writers in the business should have over five years experience in writing speech. The requirements of writers online have changed since the calendar year 2000, once I published my very first matter. People have a brief attention span. There are a few rules and id eas that will allow you to avoid making mistakes along with persuasive writing strategies that will help you to get your message across better. You are able to make your essay stick out from the rest by making use of the most suitable idioms at the most suitable spot. You should choose a topic that could be achieved in a two-year time period framework. Choose a Solvable and convenient Study Problem It is important to choose an issue that is narrow enough that it is possible to address it or solve it in a sensible time period period. Lies You've Been Told About Persuasive Essay Writing You could also supply a complimentary newsletter or bonus report as way to get your audience's contact info. Instead, get top quality writing assistance at our site and make sure our writers are the people who can cope at any complexity. You do not have to fret about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. For writing research papers, it is crucial you could advance the real realities and data. Academic written work becomes a kind of commotion when there's a need to find a handle on crisp suggestions to portray the out of date conception of a long-standing thought that's been examined by different students for quite a while. To that end, there are a few huge approaches you can avoid spending money when you place your purchase. When you begin thinking of the subject of your essay, a great deal of interesting ideas might pop up in your head. The more time we need to work the undertaking, the less of a rush job we need to put on the project in the very first spot. Knowledgeable speakers are aware that the introduction should arouse interest. To be great at public speaking, you need to have the ability to wow your audience from the beginning. Should you need help to know the many forms of public speaking, and indeed the social significance of public speaking and why it's so very significant in some careers to learn the es sentials of public speaking, then you will definitely find much in the 7 Words System that can help you. Why it is necessary to learn public speaking. An essential consideration to get started is to genuinely understand what perspective you're trying to promote in your persuasive essay writing project. There are several varieties of essay writing tips and each is thought to go after an exceptional style and format. You don't need to rely on anybody to manage your essay writing tasks. Essay writing is about organising your ideas in a presentable way. The author has to convince the readers to accept their standpoint. He needs to select a topic which can be well defended and debatable. The writers ought to be in a position to compose various varieties of speech. They do not have the right qualifications. But What About Persuasive Essay Writing? Pay attention to the right spelling when you proofread your essay. At our essay support, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. Each essay is composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Most importantly, you obtain a premium grade essay, just enjoy that. Together with the UK Essay Help undergraduates cannot be concerned about the time but delight in a complete life. Even though it's common, student has to acquire right to become great grades.

Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset in an Organisation Free Essays

HUMAN RESOURCE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASSET IN AN ORGANISATION Human resource is defined as the employees in the organisation, and in an article by Harting(2008), he mentioned that â€Å"Any organization will go only as far as the people who are driving it†. This statement explains that the employees are the determining factor of how far an organisation can go and as such, it is vital for any organisation to invest in its own people so that they can contribute more in return. In every organisation, the main workforce are its people and without them, the organisation would not be able to conduct daily business transactions let alone move it forward. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset in an Organisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now After all, people get things done as they are always the final decision makers. People are also highly adaptable to change especially when put in a difficult situation that may require them to use their superior skills or knowledge to deal with the problem. Besides dealing with problems, people also can initiate and generate new ideas which can be of good use to the organisation such as cost savings ideas, better working environment suggestions or even ideas that can propel the organisation forward. Most people in this world have to work for a living and they will always be looking for organisations that pay better and provide better benefits for their employees. Being better paid when comparing with their peers, people tend to be more motivated to work harder for themselves and the organisation so that they can provide better for their family. Motivated employees tend to show better quality of work and they deal with difficult situations better than employees who drag their feet to work. Financial benefits may work for most people but not all employees can be bought. Some employees prefer to work in organisations which assures job security than having a highly paid job as being paid well may mean more competition in that position and thus leading to a more stressful working environment. In 2011, Google, the company that changed the way Internet search engines work, was placed fourth in U. S Fortune ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’ List. Garglulo(2011) mentioned that â€Å"The payoff shows up in increased innovation and productivity, low turnover, low sickness rates, and high employee satisfaction. † This year, U. S Fortune named Google, the â€Å"Best Company To Work For†. Google pays a lot of attention on how they treat their employees as the organisation aims to make their employees life better and easier by providing them with on-site physicians and nurses in an event that they may fall ill and require medical attention. Even on vacation, Google employees are covered with travel insurance and emergency assistance any where in the world, and not only does Google take care of their employees, they also ensure their loved ones are also well taken care of. Google emphasized that they value their employees opinion as they always welcome feedback and they evaluate their employee benefits regularly to ensure that the benefits adapt to the needs of the changing population. (Google, 2012) From the way Google values their human resource, it is no surprise that within a year, it took the top position of being the best company to work for. From a research by the Great Place to Work Institute, it was stated that today’s employees really do want different things and it is not in their paychecks. From their research with more than ten million employees worldwide, they have gathered that what people want most is firstly, trust in leadership and each other, secondly, pride in their work, thirdly, enjoyment of the people they work with, and lastly, fairness and transparency; all things that companies like Google seem to do well. † (Garglulo, 2011). Even on the Google website, they have dedicated numerous pages stating their employee benefits and even videos of satisfied employees. It is uncommon for organisations to spend so much effort on their websites emphasizing on their benefits in order to attract top and best people around the world to work for them. In conclusion, different organisations came up with different strategies to keep their employees happy and motivated and are willing to invest more into their Human resource as they know that without them, the company may not be able to operate efficiently as compared to having them. Human resource is the most important asset of any organisation as they are the driving force that keeps it going and bringing it to greater heights. How to cite Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset in an Organisation, Papers

Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist A Few Reflections Essay Essay Example

Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist: A Few Reflections Essay Paper All of us. no affair what our station in life. have dreams. These dreams may be vivacious and alive. throbing in our full being ; or they may be dead. possibly worn down by the weight of the old ages and the personal businesss of day-to-day life. For the people who nourish great. expansive dreams in their bosom. each twenty-four hours is full of significance and way. But for those who have let their dreams fade. life. no affair how enjoyable it may be. is empty of existent fulfilment. Merely those who chase their dreams. no affair what the trouble. will be able do something of themselves. populating a life of their ain pick. We will write a custom essay sample on Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist: A Few Reflections Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist: A Few Reflections Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist: A Few Reflections Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist. we have the narrative of Santiago. a immature shepherd who dreams of inhumed hoarded wealth in the Pyramids of Egypt. He chases his dream. go forthing behind all that he knew. He encounters trouble after trouble. and more than one time comes face to face with his at hand decease. Indeed. until the really terminal of the novel. it seems as if Santiago will die in a distant land without holding reached his end. And yet. through fortunes that he could non hold foreseen. he finally obtains his hoarded wealth – both in gold and wisdom. The Religious Journey Called Life There are many analogues between Santiago’s experiences in the book and the religious journey that we all must take up. His journey. set off by a perennial dream. speaks to us of the ends and aims that we hold beloved to our Black Marias. And. like him. we may disregard the relentless voice of our inner ego in order to prosecute short-sighted aims. being cognizant of our possibilities but afraid of go forthing a familiar universe behind. We all have a intent in life that no 1 else can carry through but us. We are put on Earth to transport out peculiar mission. a undertaking that we are well-suited to. in malice of our limited self-concept and our current fortunes. And. oftentimes. the most of import thing we can make is to merely acquire started. Christians have no trouble believing in a intent set by God. and yet excessively many people shrink from what seems to be the Herculean attempts that will be required of them to see it through. When they do this. they show how small religion they have in the wisdom and grace of God. After all. would an omniscient. almighty being set a undertaking for a adult male that he can non bear? In all actuality. it is adult male who doubts his capacity. seeking to do his life more manageable by circumscribing it. instead than doing it the keen and meaningful escapade that it was meant to be. Like Santiago. we all have to be able to give up our daily personal businesss in order to prosecute a higher end. In and by itself. the modus operandi of day-to-day life is non really meaningful. particularly if we are cognizant that there is something greater that must be accomplished. The first clip that we step out to make something about our ends. we will be hit by the fright of uncertainness. which will be aided in big portion by the sentiments of people around us. If. for case. you feel called to go the universe for a few old ages. you will be hit by countless concerns. Where will the money come from? Will I have a occupation when I get back? What will people believe of me? These concerns. comparatively fiddling when lay eyes oning a one’s intent in life. look much more of import to us than they should. in portion because there will ever be people around to convert us that what we propose to make is impractical – even crazy. Even Jesus’ injunction to â€Å"take no idea for the morrow. † though well-known by all who profess the Christian religion. has frequently easy been swept aside by more matter-of-fact considerations. The Alchemist: A Christian Book? Christian similarities notwithstanding. those who wish to see The Alchemist as a strictly Christian book are bound to be disappointed. Indeed. the book makes every bit much out of Islamic rules as it does Christian 1s. Besides. the really title itself is implicative of the supernatural. for established Christianity has historically viewed alchemy as little more than the work of the Devil himself. Puting these narrow considerations aside. nevertheless. anyone should be able to see that the true value of The Alchemist lies in the catholicity of its message. All faith. in it purest signifier. purposes to exceed day-to-day life and come into Communion with the Godhead world. In the terminal. connexion with the Godhead can non be distilled into adept systems of moral behaviour. or in the pattern of rites. One must larn to listen within. to acquire in touch with the Godhead flicker that resides in each individual. Merely by prevailing in this quest – this journey – can we derive the interior strength required to happen our ain single â€Å"treasure. †

The Trial of Steven Truscott

The Trial of Steven Truscott Free Online Research Papers The time and place: 1959; Clinton, Ontario, Canada. The crime: the rape and murder of a 12 year old girl. The Suspect: a 14 year old boy, one of the victim’s classmates. The story of Steven Truscott and the crime he was convicted of committing was shocking when it happened nearly 50 years ago, but even as recent of February 2007, this case has been making headlines in Canadian news. This case could have been a contributing factor to the shaping of the Canadian criminal code, specifically the juvenile system and the death penalty. The details of the case must be explored to better understand the impact it made in Canada, and how it has continued to affect the life of Steven Truscott. On the evening of June 9, 1959, 14-year-old Steven Truscott gave one of his classmates, Lynn Harper, 12, a ride near the Air Base in Clinton, Ontario. According to Truscott, after he dropped her off, he rode away, but â€Å"saw as car stop where Harper was standing. She got in the car and the car drove off (McClish).† Two days later, Harper’s body was found in some bushes by the base. She had been raped, and then strangled. Thought to be the last person to see her alive, Truscott immediately became the prime suspect in her murder investigation. By the 12th of June, the day after her body was found; Truscott was arrested and taken into custody. On the 13th, he was charged with her murder (CBC News). No other suspects were ever seriously considered. As far as suspects go, there were a few others that were overlooked. There were several thousand service men living on the airbase, many were young and single. There was one 18 year old man that was questioned by the police. He â€Å"claimed to have seen the girl the night she disappeared around 6:30 pm in the town of Clinton (CBC News).† This statement was inconsistent with the fact that Harper never left the base, but he was also able to recall the fact that she was wearing blue shorts.† He was cleared from suspicion by his girlfriend who said that he was with her for most of the evening. According to police notes, there is no indication that any further investigation was done. Another possible suspect was Sgt. Alexander Kalichuk. He was a convicted sexual predator. He was a â€Å"heavy drinker with a history of sexual offenses (CBC News).† He worked as a supply technician at the Clinton base, where Lynn Harper’s father was the senior supply officer. He transferred to a base in Aylmer, about a one hour drive away, but still made frequent trips back to Clinton. Three weeks before Harper’s body was found, Kalichuk attempted to lure a 10-year old girl to his car, but stopped when her father approached. He was arrested by the OPP and charged. A judge dismissed the charge due to lack of evidence, but the judge did give Kalichuk a warning that he, and the police, knew what he was â€Å"up to.† On the day of Harper’s murder, he was reportedly involved in an incident of indecent exposure just a few miles away from the Clinton base. It is also believed that the car Truscott claimed to have seen Harper get in to may have be longed to Kalichuk. Sgt. Kalichuk â€Å"drank himself to death in 1975 (CBC News).† The police refuse to say whether or not an investigation was ever conducted to link him to Harper’s murder. There were 2 other witnesses that claim to have seen evidence indicating that a car may have been present at the site where Harper’s body was found. George Edens was the man that found Harper’s body. He claimed that â€Å"going up you could see skid marks. Just up to the pavement, it was only maybe three or four feet long (CBC News).† Another man, Bob Lawson, had property near that site. He was suspicious because he had never seen a car parked there in the past. He reported it to the authorities after Harper’s body had been found, but the police already had Truscott in custody. In his statement to The Fifth Estate, Lawson said â€Å"They didn’t take it very serious. He said I think they’ve, I think they’ve already picked somebody up. They didn’t want to hear anything else.† From this statement, it seems to me like the police didn’t care to even consider anyone other than Truscott as the person who committed this crime. Other than Truscott’s statement that he gave Harper a ride that night, there was another piece of evidence that placed Truscott at the scene. There were bicycle tracks similar to that of Steven’s bicycle. According to Bob Lawson, they were experiencing dry weather at the time, so there really was no way the tracks could have been made that month. This did not stop police from drawing the conclusion that Truscott had to be the one that raped and murdered young Harper. During the investigation, many young children had been questing regarding Truscott’s alibi. Police wanted to know how many of them had seen Truscott and Harper together. Among these interviews were: Phillip Burns, a 10 year old boy that was concluded to be at the scene too early, and couldn’t have seen them there; Jocelyn Gaudet, who was supposed to meet Truscott (in the same bush where Harper was found) for a secret date; and Gord Logan, Truscott’s friend who was said to have made up his testimony to protect Truscott’s alibi. These testimonies may have been crucial evidence in convicting Truscott. After all the evidence was gathered, Truscott was taken to trial. Other than the old bicycle track, there was one critical piece of evidence that possibly pointed to Truscott as the killer. From what I would assume, there were probably not as many scientific tools available in 1959 as there is today, but the medical examiner was said to have been able to pinpoint the murder with remarkable precision. Relying mainly on the analysis of Lynn’s stomach contents he placed the time of death precisely in the half-hour window between 7:15 pm and 7:45 pm an astonishing precision even with the forensic tools available today (CBC News). This was a crucial piece of evidence due to the fact that Truscott admitted in a statement that he and Harper were riding on his bicycle at that same time. â€Å"I got on the seat and she mounted the crossbar and we took off. The time? Probably between 7:30 and 7:45. I took her to the highway, turned around and rode slowly back toward the school (McClish).† According to the jury, this must have been enough evidence. On December 8, 1959, a jury found Truscott guilty of the murder, and was sentenced to death. The trial only lasted 15 days. Truscott was the youngest Canadian ever to be sentenced to death. Due to the building controversy of his harsh sentencing, the conservative Prime Minister, John Diefenbaker, commuted Truscott’s sentence to life in prison. After Truscott’s sentencing, there were a lot of citizens that spoke out about the incident. An extremely powerful poem was written by Pierre Berton. It questions the decision for capital punishment of a minor child and why there is a need for it in general. It is on the following page. ? In Goderich town The Sun abates December is coming And everyone waits: In a small, dark room On a small, hard bed Lies a small, pale boy Who is not quite dead. The cell is lonely The cell is cold October is young But the boy is old; Too old to cringe And too old to cry Though young But never too young to die. Its true enough That we cannot brag Of a national anthem Or a national flag And though our Vision Is still in doubt At last weve something to boast about: Weve a national law In the name of the Queen To hang a child Who is just fourteen. The law is clear: It says we must And in this country The law is just Sing heigh! Sing ho! For justice blind Makes no distinction Of any kind; Makes no allowances for sex or years, A judges feelings, a mothers tears; Makes no allowances for age or youth Just eye for eye and tooth for tooth Tooth for tooth and eye for eye: A child does murder A child must die. Dont fret dont worry No need to cry Well only pretend hes going to die; Were going to reprieve him Bye and bye. Were going to reprieve him (We always do), But it wouldnt be fair If we told him, too So well keep the secret As long as we can And hope that hell take it Like a man. And when weve told him Its just pretend And he wont be strung At a nooses end, Well send him away And, like as not Put him in prison And let him rot. The jury said mercy And we agree O, merciful jury: You and me. Oh death can come And death can go Some deaths are sudden And some are slow; In a small cold cell In October mild Death comes each day To a frightened child. So muffle the drums and beat them slow, Mute the strings and play them low, Sing a lament and sing it well, But not for the boy in the cold, dark cell, Not for the parents, trembling-lipped, Not for the judge who followed the script; Save your prayers for the righteous ghouls In that Higher Court who write the rules For judge and jury and hangman too: The Court composed of me and you. In Goderich town The trees turn red The limbs go bare As their leave are bled And the days tick by As the sky turns lead For the small, scared boy On the small, stark bed A fourteen-year-old Who is not quite dead. Could this have been something that caused the Canadian government to review the need for capital punishment? Probably not, but I am sure his voice was heard and that he still made an impact. I believe, in order to better understand the conviction and sentencing of Truscott, one must first have some understanding of the history of the Canadian juvenile justice system, as well as information on the use of capital punishment in Canada. The following information came from the Canada Department of Justice website. Throughout the 1800s, there really was no separate justice system in Canada for juvenile offenders. They were sentenced to prisons and served the same sentences as adults. Small changes were starting to take place at the end of the 19th Century. In some of the provinces, industrial, or remedial, schools were being developed. One of the first major proposals for a separate juvenile system was in 1890 by the Prisoner’s Aid Association of Canada. The following ideas were included in the proposal: The organization supported a program that included special courts for young offenders, limited use of detention for those under 14, qualified staff for reformatories and industrial schools and the use of indefinite sentences. Another attempt for reform came from Ontario in 1891. Although it only applied specifically to Ontario, it did have national impact and heightened awareness for the juvenile reform campaign. The Ontario Commission recommended the following: every city and large town should have one or more industrial school children under 14 should not be publicly arrested and detained children under 14, when it is necessary to hold them, should not be detained in a common jail but in a place entirely away from the police station all children under 14 should be tried in special courts convicted children under 14 should never be incarcerated in a common jail, and should be sent to a reformatory or refuge only as a last resort more use should be made of suspended sentences a probation system should be introduced earned remission for good conduct should be offered a parole system should be adopted, as well as apprenticeship programs and boarding out an association should be formed in every region of the province for the after-care of released juveniles changes in the law should give more power to provincial officials over such things as pardon, parole and the general supervision of delinquent children These kinds of policies would allow for earlier intervention and a chance to keep children away from adult offenders, where they could possibly be exposed to more criminal behavior. Although many acts were passed to keep children in separate prisons from adults, the Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908 still allowed for children over the age of 14 that were accused of murder or treason to be transferred to ordinary courts. This act set the tone in the Canadian Justice system about the next 75 years. While I don’t believe that Truscott’s trial was the only reason the Department of Justice decided to re-evaluate this Act, I do believe that it had a major impact on their decision. Truscott’s conviction and sentence was decided in 1959. It was just one year later, in 1960, that the Department of Justice assembled a committee to study the details of the Act. The final report, issued in 1965, focused on the need for additional action, including equal application of the Act throughout all of Canada, and better training for judges and court officials in handling juvenile offenders. Quebec was the first province to take action after this report was issued. It took steps to be sure all juvenile offenders had access to lawyers. Many of the standards in the juvenile system were not put in to place until after Truscott was released from prison in 1969, but his case, combined with many other young offenders, paved the road, and caused the Canadian Justice department to examine the way these young people were being punished. The policies began to standardize in the 1980s by enforcing the right to counsel throughout the country, and also allowing the right to appeal a conviction. The minimum age for prosecution was raised to 12 years old. Other changes were made to standardize convictions and sentencing. Detention could not exceed two years, except when the crime would normally be punishable by a life sentence, in which case, the maximum was three years. In the late 1980s, there was an amendment made to increase the penalty for murder. The penalty for first-degree murder was raised to a maximum of 10 years, and second-degree to 7 years. Except for a few other suggestions for special treatment of offenders under the age of 12, these Canada-wide standards have continued to stay in place. Along with the many changes in the juvenile system, Canada has also seen changes in the Criminal Justice system regarding capital punishment. I believe that Truscott’s case may have also had a small influence on the abolition of the death penalty. There were no major changes with capital punishment from 1869 until 1961, just one year after Truscott’s death sentence was commuted. Legislation was passed in 1961 that reclassified murder into capital and non-capital offenses. This allowed for only capital murder to be punishable by death. In 1967 a bill was passed that placed a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, except in cases involving the murder of a police officer, and in 1976, capital punishment was abolished completely by Canadian Parliament. One of the main reasons was due to the possibility of wrongful convictions, including possibly Truscott’s. There was also an uncertainty as to the effectiveness of the death penalty. The death penalty was replaced with life imprisonment. With no eligibility for parole for 25 years in the case of first-degree murder, and 10-25 years for second degree murder. Even though it was almost 20 years after Truscott’s case, I feel that it still may have been one of the considering factors in lifting capital punishment in Canada. Steven Truscott was in prison for 7 years when a journalist, Isabel LeBourdais, published a book that questioned his conviction. Her book, â€Å"The Story of Steven Truscott,† prompted the Canadian supreme court to examine the case a second time. After â€Å"deliberating and reviewing the case, the justices voted 8-1 against giving the young man a new trial (City News).† The one justice that voted for a new trial pointed out many of the original holes that the case had in the first place, stating they should be re-examined, one of which was the time of death. In 1966, years after the trial, the coroner that initially placed time of death between 7:15 and 7:45, corrected himself and said that â€Å"All findings are compatible with death within 2 hours of Lynn’s last meal (CBC News).† This opened up the possibility that someone else could have been with Harper in the same timeframe as Truscott. Despite being denied a new trial, and his life sentence, T ruscott was still released from prison in 1969. He assumed a new identity, married, and had three children. Truscott insisted, as he does still to this day, that he did not commit the crime, and he remained haunted by the fact he was convicted of the crime even as he was given a chance for a new life. Truscott remained in hiding for nearly 20 years. I believe one of the main reasons he came out of hiding was because he was consumed with the need to prove himself innocent. In September 1997, Truscott agreed to DNA testing that would possibly exonerate him, but because of the time space, some of the crucial evidence had been destroyed. A few years later, March of 2000, Truscott breaks his silence once again. He decided to go on the CBC News and proclaim his innocence, vowing to do whatever it would take to clear his name. This is what began his crusade, which would last to the present day. Truscott was paired with the Association in Defence of the Wrongfully Convicted (AIDWYC), and in November 2001, they filed an application for a retrial to the Minister of Justice-the person that decides if a new trial should be ordered. The following January, the minister of Justice ruled that an outside agent also needed to review the request. Justice Fred Kaufman was the man appointed fo r that review. He had been appointed in the past to review wrongful murder conviction cases. It took a little over two years, but in April 2004, Kaufman presented a 700 page report that confirmed â€Å"sufficient new evidence had been found† and â€Å"that the Minister of Justice order the Ontario Court of Appeal to hear the case as if it were an appeal of the original conviction (CBC News).† One of his reasons falls back again to the evidence that probably convicted Truscott in the first place†¦Harper’s time of death. Kaufman stated â€Å"modern science has removed the time of death as a piece of circumstantial evidence favouring Truscott’s guilt (CBC News).† In October, the new Minister of Justice, Irwin Cotler, referred the case to the Ontario Court of Appeal for review. Cotler believed that a new trial was necessary. I have determined that there is a reasonable basis to conclude that a miscarriage of justice occurred in this case†¦we have a legal – and I believe moral – obligation to see if the new evidence would have affected the verdict. A few more years go went by before any more major progress was made in the case. In the meantime, Truscott had his 60th birthday, and was still trying to prove his innocence. In April 2006, two years after Kaufman ordered the appeal, Lynn Harper’s body was exhumed to attempt DNA testing. Because so much time had go by, there was no evidence in her remains salvageable for testing. Finally, in June of 2006, Truscott’s case is heard by the Ontario Court of Appeals. As of January 2007 (yes, that’s this year) the case was still being heard, with three possible outcomes dismiss appeal order a new trial acquittal The appeal ended on Wednesday February 14th, but the decision lies with the five member panel of judges that heard the case. There were arguments of missing and distorted evidence, the fact that most of the eyewitness testimonies were from young children, whose stories changed from their initial statements to the days of the initial trial (City News). One of Truscott’s lawyers, Hersch Wolch, reminded the panel â€Å"behind me sits a 60-year old man who for 80 percent of his life has been branded as a murderer, He can be viewed also as an innocent 14-year old boy sentenced to hang. This court is the only venue for justice now and forever (City News).† This may have been a desperate pull of the heartstrings, but I think he was doing it to stress the fact that this wrong conviction (possibly) has consumed the majority of Truscott’s life, but that it has also affected the lives of Lynn Harper’s family, and the Ontarian public as a whole. As of April, I ha ve not found any word as to the final outcome of Truscott’s crusade to prove his innocence. The end of the article by The City News states â€Å"It could take anywhere from several weeks to several months for the judges to render their decision. I believe this case truly has been an impact in Canadian society. People have been focused on the story of Steven Truscott and Lynn Harper since that day in June of 1959. I believe his case helped spawn the review for a development of a criminal system for Canadian youth. It also may have been one of the factors that lead to the deletion of capital punishment in the Canadian Code. I am going to make a bold statement and say based on the evidence that was originally presented, even with the original time of death proven to be so close to when Truscott said to have left Harper, I would not have been able to make the decision to convict a child of that crime, or sentence him to death. I believe him to be not guilty of the crime he was convicted of, and has spent his entire life trying to prove so. He is still young (as in he probably is not going to die soon), but I still hope that Steven Truscott gets his results back while he still able to enjoy some of his life as an innocent m an. References CBC News: The Fifth Estate. â€Å"The Steven Truscott Story: Moment of Truth.† cbc.ca/fifth/truscott/index.html. City News. â€Å"Steven Truscott Appeal Wraps Up With Lawyers Pleading Convicted Man’s Innocence.† citynews.ca/news/news_7848.aspx. February 14, 2007. Department of Justice Canada. â€Å"The Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System in Canada.† justice.gc.ca/en/ps/inter/juv_jus_min/sec01a.html. McClish, Mark. â€Å"Statement Analysis: Steven Truscott.† statementanalysis.com/truscott. Research Papers on The Trial of Steven TruscottCapital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on Children

Difference Between Wie and Als

Difference Between 'Wie' and 'Als' In German,  wie  means as.   The word  als  also means as. Its no wonder that people learning German get confused between the two. Luckily, if you can memorize two simple rules then you can master the difference and continue on your way toward German fluency.   The Mistake Wie (adverb/conjunction) is often used instead of als (only a conjunction) and vice versa. For example, incorrect use might read: Er ist grÃ" §ÃŽ ²er wie sein Vater. (Intended to say: He is taller than his father.)Dieses Auto ist teurer wie mein letztes.  (Intended to say: This car is more expensive than my last one.) The correct way to phrase these sentences would be: Er ist grÃ" §ÃŽ ²er als sein Vater.Dieses Auto ist teurer als mein letztes. Whats the Difference? Though both wie and als  are used when comparing two items or people, remember that: Wie is used solely when both things compared are equalAls is used only when the items compared are unequal. Can You Say Als Wie? There is also the tendency, even among Germans, to use both als wie together in a phrase when comparing two items. For example, one popular slogan for the clothing store KiK states Besser als wie ​man denkt. (Better than you think.)Grammatically correct, this should read: Besser als man denkt. The  wie is unnecessary and incorrect.   Try This Memorization Trick So how can you remember what  wie and als stand for when comparing two things? Try this memorization trick: anders als:  different than If you remember als with the other A-word and that it means different, then you know you cannot insert als for wie, which is used when comparing two equal (not different) things.

Bizzell (1986) argues that in order to succeed in university it is Essay

Bizzell (1986) argues that in order to succeed in university it is necessary to become 'bicultural'. Critically discuss this idea drawing on relevant SSK12 mate - Essay Example argument, Bizzell presents the three main approaches taken in attempting to understand these issues and the problems inherent in focusing on just one approach at a time, proving that a bicultural approach is the only equitable and serviceable approach possible. This idea of a bicultural approach is supported throughout Bizzell’s arguments by Brigid Ballard and John Clanchy in their article â€Å"Literacy in the University: An Anthropological Approach† as well as through my own college experience. The first approach to educating basic writers â€Å"says that basic writers entering college precipitate a clash among dialects† (Bizzell, 1986, p. 294) because their home dialect differs significantly from the diction and grammar of Standardized English widely used throughout the world of higher education. Arguments against the use of standard English indicate that students with differing dialects lose a great deal of their ability to communicate, suffer a reduction in the depth of their education because of the necessity of learning and adopting the academic system and represents a lack of recognition of the validity and unique expressive nature of the home dialects. Presenting a strong argument to the contrary, advocates of the Standard English approach merely need to point out the necessity of preparing students for success in an increasingly globalized world that depends on Standard English for a good deal of its communication needs. However, even identifying the appropr iate language to use in a given academic paper can be difficult. â€Å"Gradually, the students learn that, when asked to write an essay on, say, language acquisition, the method of analysis they employ, the evidence they bring to bear, the language they use will be very different depending on whether they are enrolled in linguistics, prehistory, sociology, education or psychology† (Ballard & Clanchy, 1988, p. 172). This has led some educators to advocate a bicultural approach to education that